Check out this article of a Korean figher who died after a local MMA fight
http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200505/kt2005051517432510230.htm
Can someone please explain myocardial infarction?
Heart Attack.
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the rapid development of myocardial necrosis caused by a critical imbalance between the oxygen supply and demand of the myocardium. This usually results from plaque rupture with thrombus formation in a coronary vessel, resulting in an acute reduction of blood supply to a portion of the myocardium.
Pathophysiology: The most common cause of AMI is narrowing of the epicardial blood vessels due to atheromatous plaques. Plaque rupture with subsequent exposure of the basement membrane results in platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, fibrin accumulation, hemorrhage into the plaque, and varying degrees of vasospasm. This can result in partial or complete occlusion of the vessel and subsequent myocardial ischemia. Total occlusion of the vessel for more than 4-6 hours results in irreversible myocardial necrosis, but reperfusion within this period can salvage the myocardium and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Frequency:
- In the US: AMI is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Approximately 1.3 million cases of nonfatal AMI are reported each year, for an annual incidence of approximately 600 per 100,000 people.
Mortality/Morbidity:
- Approximately 500,000-700,000 deaths caused by ischemic heart disease occur in the United States alone.
- More than one half of deaths occur in the prehospital setting.
- In-hospital fatalities account for 10% of all deaths. An additional 10% of deaths occur in the first year postinfarct.
Sex:
- Male predilection exists in persons aged 40-70 years.
- In persons older than 70 years, no sex predilection exists.
Age:
- AMI occurs most frequently in persons older than 45 years.
- Certain subpopulations younger than 45 years are at risk, particularly cocaine users, insulin-dependent diabetics, patients with hypercholesterolemia, and those with a positive family history for early coronary disease. A positive family history includes any first-degree male relative aged 45 years or younger or any first-degree female relative aged 55 years or younger who experienced a myocardial infarction.
- In younger patients, the diagnosis may be hampered if the physician does not maintain a high index of suspicion.
History:
- Chest pain, usually across the anterior precordium, is described as tightness, pressure, or squeezing.
- Pain may radiate to the jaw, neck, arms, back, and epigastrium. The left arm is affected more frequently than the right arm.
- Dyspnea, which may accompany chest pain or occur as an isolated complaint, indicates poor ventricular compliance in the setting of acute ischemia.
- Nausea and/or abdominal pain often are present in infarcts involving the inferior wall.
- Anxiety
- Lightheadedness and syncope
- Cough
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diaphoresis
- Wheezing
- Elderly patients and those with diabetes may have particularly subtle presentations and may complain of fatigue, syncope, or weakness.
Physical:
- Frequently, physical examination findings are normal.
- Patients with ongoing symptoms usually will lie quietly in bed and appear pale and diaphoretic.
- Hypertension may precipitate AMI, or it may reflect elevated catecholamines due to anxiety, pain, or exogenous sympathomimetics.
- Hypotension indicates ventricular dysfunction due to ischemia. It usually indicates a large infarct and may be observed with a right ventricular infarct.
- Acute valvular dysfunction may be present.
- This dysfunction usually involves the papillary muscle.
- Mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle ischemia or necrosis may be present.
- Congestive heart failure (CHF) may occur.
- Neck vein distention
- Third heart sound (S3)
- Rales on pulmonary examination
- New or worsening mitral regurgitant murmur may be noted.
- A fourth heart sound is a common finding in patients with poor ventricular compliance that is due to a preexisting heart disease or hypertension.
- Dysrhythmias may be present.
- With heart block or right ventricular failure, cannon jugular venous a waves may be noted.
Causes:
- The predominant cause is a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with subsequent spasm and clot formation.
- Ventricular hypertrophy (eg, left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH], idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis [IHSS], underlying valve disease)
- Hypoxia due to carbon monoxide poisoning or acute pulmonary disorders (Infarcts in this setting usually occur when myocardial demands dramatically are increased relative to blood supply.)
- Emboli to coronary arteries, which may be due to cholesterol or infectious causes
- Coronary artery vasospasm
- Arteritis
- Coronary anomalies, including aneurysms of the coronary arteries
- Cocaine, amphetamines, and ephedrine
- Increase afterload or inotropic effects, which increase myocardial demand
- Primary vasospasm of the coronary artery
- Risk factors for atherosclerotic plaque formation include the following:
- Age
- Being male and younger than 70 years
- Smoking
- Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Poorly controlled hypertension
- Type A personality
- Family history
- Sedentary lifestyle
- http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic327.htm
It was at a restaurant??
Not exactly NSAC santiioned...
we've been through this on a couple other threads. evidently a bunch of people refuse to admit this is MMA and have buried their heads in the sand. it's obviously not a death that's related to the specific rules of MMA, but still relevant since he died fighting in OUR sport.
I understand Sijan, related because of what he was doing at the time. Much the same way as a person dies on a roller coaster they happened to be on.
The health of an individual is not always known whether competing or going for a ride, it just happens. Doesn't mean the ride killed him or her, might have contributed because of health issues, but surly not the cause..... know what I mean?
That place is cool, i've been there.
This all reminds me that in one of the fights they had, they had to halt it as one of the fighters knelt down and clenched his heart. But then they restarted it; weird.
momita, I think what you're describing is what the law calls "proximate cause" - the cause that most directly preceded and caused a result, and without which the result would not have occurred (but not necessarily the only cause). there may be many other causes, including heart conditions or poor training, but it is unlikely the guy would have had a heart attack on that day without fighting in an MMA event, so that is the proximate cause.
same logic as your roller coaster example. it still is counted as a roller coaster related-death because of proximate cause. we track related fatalities for some activities and not others, because some activities (like sports) are more likely to be these proximate causes than others (knitting). things that cause an increase in adrenaline, loss of oxygen, etc. are particularly likely to be the proximate cause of a heart attack.